Chronology Of General Banda Singh Bahadar

Chronology Of General Banda Singh Bahadar

General Banda Singh Bahadar: A Chronology of Events

4th  October,1708 General Banda Singh Bahadar and a Tanda/Caravan led by Bhai Bhagwant Singh Bangeshwari set out from Nanded towards Punjab.
8th  October, 1708 On the orders of emperor Bahadur Shah, the 10th Guru Gobind Singh was martyred in Nanded, Maharashtra.
April,1709 Battle of Amritsar between Sikhs under Bhai Mani Singh and Mughals. 
October, 1709 After traversing a distance exceeding 1500 kilometres, General Banda Singh Bahadar arrived in Banger Desh, following his route through Khan Desh, Mandsour, Ajmer, Phulera, Churu, and Bharatpur. Banda Singh Bahadar captured Narnaul, Laharu, Khanda Sheri ( Sonepat), Hansi, Hissar and Tohana.    In October 1709, Banda Singh set up a camp in a village around thirty-five miles from the Mughal Capital, Delhi. He issued letters urging the Sikhs to unite with him to advance the Sikh Movement's cause.
November, 1709 The Sikh forces successfully seized the royal treasury of Kaithal and subsequently gathered in the forest of Soensar (Pehowa).
26th  November ,1709 In less than a day, the Sikh forces accomplished a remarkable feat by eliminating approximately 10,000 Mughal soldiers. Furthermore, they successfully captured Samana and designated Fateh Singh as the appointed governor.
November 1709 The emperor received intelligence about the Sikh rebellion in Punjab, prompting Bahadur Shah to return to Hindustan swiftly.
December, 1709 Banda Singh Bahadar's forces achieved notable victories by capturing Ghuram, Sannour, Thaska, Thanesar, Damla, Shahabad, Mustafabad, Kunjpura, Kapoori, and other parganas of sarkar Sirhind. Furthermore, during the conquest of Thanesar, approximately 5,000 Muslims joined Banda Singh Bahadar's army. Sufi Pirs of Thanesar assisted Sikh forces.
5th  December,1709 Following the successful conquest of Sadhaura, the Kotwal of the town, Usman Khan, met his demise. Additionally, Sadhaura's name was changed to Ajiabnagar. Furthermore, without facing any resistance, the Khizrabad pargana seamlessly became a part of the Khalsa Raj.
25th  December, 1709 The emperor crossed the Narbada River on 25th December 1709 and arrived near Ajmer on 15th May 1710 as part of his journey towards Punjab to confront the Sikhs.
January,1710 The capital of the Khalsa Raj was officially established in Lohgarh, and Banda Singh Bahadar decided to mint coins in the name of Guru Nanak patshah  and Guru Gobind Singh  patshah . He resided in Lohgarh for four months, using the time to prepare for a significant upcoming battle.
February 1710 General Banda Singh Bahadar seized the parganas of Indri, Taraori, Karnal, and Kunjpura in the region of suba Delhi.
March,1710 Sikhs captured the regions of Ambala, Chhat, Banur, etc.
April,1710 Banda Bahadur stopped here to pay his respects to the site connected to Guru Tegh Bahadar and faqir Dargahi Shah at Zikarpur.
May 1710 A considerable group of Sikhs from the Majha region came to Kiratpur to enlist with General Banda Singh Bahadar, forsaking their homes to commit to the cause of humanity and Guru Nanak's vision of Halimi Raj.
4th  May, 1710 As the emperor approached the vicinity of the Narmada River, he commanded several faujdars (military commanders) to take action against the Sikh uprising. However, the Sikh rebellion quickly escalated and spread.
12th  May, 1710 In a significant victory, the Sikh forces emerged triumphant in the battle at Chappar Chiri, resulting in the demise of Wazir Khan, the faujdar of Sirhind ( mansabdar 3000 rank). According to a report by Khafi Khan, the Sikh army they consisted of forty thousand well-equipped soldiers, armed with guns, cannons, and modern weaponry. In the course of the battle, 30,000 Mughal soldiers lost their lives.
13th  May, 1710 General Banda Singh Bahadar successfully captured Sirhind, considered the wealthiest sarkar in the Mughal empire.
20th  May, 1710 Another report submitted to emperor  Bahadur Shah, who was located in Deccan, received a report highlighting General Banda Singh Bahadar's accomplishments.
24th  May 1710 Battle of  Ramdaspur (Amritsar) in which the Sikhs emerged victorious against the Mughals. The force dispatched by subedar Lahore to confront them was unsuccessful in controlling the situation.
27th  May, 1710 Banda Singh Bahadar abolished the feudal system at Lohgarh and introduced the Nanak Shahi coin. A royal decree promoting social, political, and gender equality was issued.
28th  May, 1710 Banda Singh Bahadar established communication with the Rajput chiefs of Amber and Jodhpur. A report in the Akhbarat-i-Darbar-i-Mu’alla mentioned that it was reported to the emperor that raja Jai Singh and raja Ajit Singh had received letters from Banda Singh Bahadar and had sent their replies to him. 
4th  June, 1710 Alongside collaborating with the Banjara Sikhs in the region and confirming the adequate provision of weapons and ammunition to Sikh forces. Banda Singh Bahadar had devised a strategic blueprint for his retreat to Panipat.
June 1710 Many Hindus and Muslim nobles, seeing no other option but to submit to the Sikhs in suba Lahore and Delhi .
July, 1710 Parganas of Jalandhar Doab were captured by the Sikh forces under General Bhagwant Singh Bangeshwari and attacked Mughal forces in the vicinity of Lahore.
11th  July, 1710 Banda Singh Bahadar was renamed Buria Gulabnagar.
23rd  July, 1710 General Banda Singh Bahadar conquered the sarkar of Saharanpur, which included a significant ranking mansabdar 4000. Additionally, all the parganas within this sarkar were also seized.
July, 1710  The qazis of Lahore proclaimed a Jihad against the Sikhs, but their efforts were challenged by the Sufi saints belonging to the Chishti and Qadri Chapters. Additionally, Feroz Khan Mewati was instructed to confront the Sikhs with a substantial army dispatched from Delhi. General Banda Singh Bahadar led an assault on Muzaffarnagar and managed to seize control of the city.
July, 1710 Under the emperor's orders, Mahabat Khan was instructed to lead the forces of Delhi to Punjab to confront Banda Singh Bahadar. Mahabat Khan complied with the emperor's directive, mobilising Mughal troops and going to Punjab from Ajmer through Delhi.
July, 1710  Battle of Rahon involving the Mughals and Sikhs.
3rd  August, 1710 The emperor commanded his three Generals, namely Sultan Kulli Khan, Syed Abdulla Khan, and Mahawat Khan, to suppress the Sikh rebellion. Consequently, the three Generals departed from Delhi with a sizable Mughal army, eventually arriving in Panipat. A fierce battle ensued between the Sikhs and the Mughals, lasting several days, ultimately leading the Mughal generals to flee to Delhi from the battlefield.
August 1710 The Pirs of the Qalandari chapter in Karnal issued a Fatwa declaring a Holy war (Jihad) against the Sikhs.
29th  August, 1710 General Banda Singh Bahadar successfully captured Bareilly with a mansabdar (rank) 2000. By the end of August 1710, Sikhs had conquered all the sarkars of suba Delhi except sarkar Delhi itself. The Sikh fortifications were reinforced, adequate supplies were ensured, and extensive preparations were made for a major battle.
29th  September, 1710 Another Battle of Panipat was between the Sikhs and the Mughals. Mahawat Khan arrived from Delhi with a substantial army of 50,000 and engaged in battle against the Sikhs at Panipat. However, he fled from the battlefield in a state of fear.
October,1710  After his return from Deccan, emperor Bahadur Shah reached Delhi, accompanied by all his princes, 32 high-ranking mansabdars, 500 low-ranking mansabdars, and a formidable army of 200,000 Mughal soldiers, they set out for Lohgarh to confront the Sikhs.
12th  October, 1710  The emperor, accompanied by the royal army, arrived in Sonipat.
16th  October, 1710 A fierce battle erupted between the Mughal forces and the Sikh army at Khera Amin (Kurukshetra), leading to the death of a considerable number of Mughal soldiers and the martyrdom of Sikh General Kirat Singh.
20th  October, 1710 The emperor reached Sarai Kanwar along with his royal forces.
23th October, 1710  The emperor reached Samalkha along with his forces.
24th  October, 1710 An advance army comprising 4,000 horsemen and 5,000 foot soldiers of Mughal forces arrived at Thanesar, in order to clear blockade for emperor.
27th October, 1710 The emperor arrived in Panipat together with his forces, where a conflict between the Mughals and Sikhs erupted. The Sikh forces fought for three days but ultimately retreated due to the overwhelming size of the Mughal army.
28th  October 1710 The emperor reached Gharaunda with his royal army.
2nd  November, 1710 The emperor and his army reached Karnal. From here, the emperor attempted to go to Lohgarh via Indri. But on the very first day, 20,000 Mughal soldiers were killed, and the emperor returned to Karnal.
7th  November, 1710 Feroz Khan from Shahabad arrived at Thanesar, where a significant contingent of Sikhs had set up camp. A battle occurred, resulting in the retreat of all except for 5,000 Sikh horse riders who remained on the battlefield.
8th  November, 1710 The emperor advanced to Taraori and Nilokheri, where a relentless battle occurred against the Sikhs.
November,1710 The Mughal army paused at Ugla village near Shahabad. Battles between the Mughals and Sikhs commenced at various locations, including present-day Karnal, Panchkula, Kaithal, Yamunanagar, Kurukshetra, Ambala, and Chandigarh. The strategically positioned forts of Lohgarh played a vital role. The Sikh army launched a simultaneous attack on the Mughals, spanning from Attock to Bareilly and covering a distance of 600 kilometres.
12th   November, 1710 Banda Singh Bahadar composed a letter addressed to the Sikh Sangat across the Indian sub-continent, urging them to unite and assemble at the Sikh fronts to combat the Mughals.
18th  November , 1710 Emperor Bahadur Shah lacked knowledge about the fortifications established by the Sikhs. As a result, he directed Prince Jahandar Shah to create a comprehensive map of the Sikh fortifications, which would aid in strategising for the ongoing battles against the Sikh forces.
20th  November, 1710 The Mughals and Sikhs clashed in the Battle of Rahon, which took place in the Hoshiarpur area. Led by the faujdar of Jalandhar Shamas Khan and the faujdar of Jammu, Wajid Khan, the Mughal forces attacked the Sikh army. However, the Sikhs emerged victorious, defeating the Mughals in the battle.
27th  November 1710 The emperor received information that 300,00 Sikh horsemen and 20,000-foot soldiers were entrenched on his side of the advance forts of Lohgarh, and a considerable number of Sikhs were also present at Sirhind.
29th  November, 1710 Prince Jahandar Shah led the royal troops into the surrounding regions of the Lohgarh zone to evaluate the circumstances.
30th  November, 1710 In compliance with the emperor's commands, Prince Rafi-u'sh-Shan, Munim Khan, Feroz Khan Mewati, Mahabat Khan, Jumdatu’l Mulk Khan Bahadur, Afzal Bakkshi, Ast Dola Asad Khan (subedar of Delhi), Zulfiqar Khan, Rustam Dil Khan, Islam Khan, and others spearheaded the royal troops in an assault on Sadhaura.
6th  December, 1710 The emperor issued a decree stating that Hindu officers of the royal army were not permitted to buy slaves or women nor confiscate the possessions of Sikhs. These privileges were reserved solely for Muslims.
10th  December, 1710 The emperor issued an order to Mahabat Khan, tasking him with issuing a directive to mansabdar Shahjahanbad (Delhi) on behalf of the emperor. The decree mandated that any encounters with Nanakpanthis (Sikhs), regardless of age, should lead to their prompt execution. (Nanak Prastan ra Har ja kih bayaband baqatl rasanand). The imperial troops led by the Mughal Prince arrived at the advanced fort near Mustafabad, and over 60,000 Mughal soldiers vigorously besieged the same fort of Sikhs.
26th   December,  1710 The Mughals seized and detained the hill chief of Nahan, a 14-year-old named Bhup Prakash. He was kept in a cage and imprisoned in the Delhi Salimgarh fort.
27th  December, 1710 The Mughal encampment close to Sadhaura was engulfed in thick smoke and deafening commotion when the Sikhs launched an assault using rockets and muskets, Killing a large number of Mughal soldiers. Several imperial orders were issued, instructing the Rajput Rajas to appear immediately at the Mughal court.
December, 1710 Another Hukhamnama issued by Banda Singh Bahadar having seal Degh-o teg-o Fateh-o nusrat bidirang, Yaft az Nanak Guru Gobind Singh.
4th  January, 1711 General Banda Singh Bahadar entered into matrimony with Sushila Kaur, the daughter of the King of Chamba, when the Mughal emperor and his royal army were still stationed in the village of Ugla near Shahabad. Despite a considerable portion of the Mughal army having already reached the area between Shahabad and Sadhaura, the emperor remained oblivious to Banda Singh Bahadar's departure from Lohgarh and subsequent marriage to the raja of Chamba's daughter.
4th  February, 1711 Munim Khan, leading a contingent of 8000 cavalries, set out on a mountain campaign to track down Banda Singh Bahadar.
15th    February, 1711 Due to the failed expeditions against the Sikhs and the emperor's displeasure,  Khan-i-Khann Munim Khan passed away after suffering mental distress near Sadhaura.
15th  February ,1711 Pir Muhammad Bhatti, a member of the Sufi saints of Jalandhar Doab, protested at the emperor's court near Sadhaura  by shouting, "Wah Guru, Wah Guru."
26th  February ,1711 Returning to Saharanpur sarkar, General Banda Singh Bahadar found that the Sikhs had already taken over all the parganas of sarkar Saharanpur. This development led emperor Bahadur Shah to reassess his approach as it became clear that Banda Singh Bahadar's troops were making significant progress against the Mughals.
1st  March 1711 General Banda Singh Bahadar successfully recaptured Bareilly. Such was the fear instilled by Banda Singh Bahadar among the Mughal officers that they abandoned their positions and fled towards Delhi.
6th March, 1711 Rustam Dil Khan reported that the Sikhs were gathering near Lahore. General Banda Singh Bahadar, who had been spotted in the hills of Kullu. Banda Singh Bahadar commanded an army of 40,000 soldiers. The Sikh rebellion had a significant impact on Lahore. The Sikh forces covered a distance of 300 kilometres from Saharanpur to Kullu in just five days, averaging a remarkable 60 kilometres per day through the hilly terrain. In contrast, the Mughal army covered a distance of only 20 kilometres per day. The Sikh forts in the hills provided the Sikh army with provisions, shelter, and weapons. Rustam-dil-Khan was assigned to pursue Banda Singh Bahadar in the mountains but could not match the speed of the Sikh army. Similarly, Mehtab Khan and 14,000 soldiers and the faujdars of Jammu and Jalandhar, with their combined 20,000 army, were also dispatched to locate Banda Singh Bahadar.
7th  March, 1711 The Mughal emperor discussed various political developments, including the growing discontent among the princes. Additionally, the Sikhs had established their dominance on the outskirts of Lahore, leading to the relocation of markets from the outskirts to the city's interior.
11th  March, 1711 Approximately 25,000 Sikhs have gathered around Lahore.
13th  March,1711 The emperor adopted a firm and resolute approach by directing Bhup Parkash and Gulab Singh, a companion of Banda Singh captured, to be confined in a large iron cage. The emperor sent them to Delhi, employing decisive actions to ensure their continued detention.
17th  March, 1711 To counter the growing strength of the Sikh army, the emperor issued a directive for Jahandar Shah to lead his forces and arrive in Lahore.
20th  March, 1711 A fierce battle took place between Banda Singh Bahadar and the faujdars of Jalandhar and Jammu near the Jammu hills, resulting in the deaths of a large number of Mughals. Following this, the Sikhs successfully captured Batala, and all the Mughal soldiers stationed there were killed, while the rest fled from Batala.
21st  March, 1711 The Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah commanded raja Ajit Singh of Jodhpur and raja Jai Singh of Jaipur (quasi-independent chiefs) to promptly join Prince Azīm-ush-Shān's army to curb Banda Singh's growing power.
23rd  March, 1711 The emperor decided to withdraw all his forces from Lohgarh and redirect them to Lahore to thwart Banda Singh Bahadar's potential attack in that area to Lahore suba.
2nd  April, 1711 The emperor commanded that raja Ajit Singh of Jodhpur and raja Jai Singh of Amber should promptly join the royal forces in the battle against the Sikhs.
6th  April, 1711 Bahadur Shah was privy to intelligence that the Sikh army, under the leadership of Banda Singh, was advancing towards Lahore. In response, Bahadur Shah summoned Mahabat Khan and ordered him to pursue the Sikhs swiftly.
18th  April, 1711 The emperor arrived at Chat Banur, where preparations were underway to construct a bridge over the Sutlej River. The Banjara Sikhs in the area offered their assistance to the Sikh forces.
23rd  April, 1711 The emperor successfully reached Ropar and made recruitment of soldiers.
24th   April, 1711 Following the assassination of the faujdar of Jammu and Sultanpur, the Sikhs advanced toward Kalanaur and Batala. Batala served as a significant trading hub, while Kalanaur was known as a town inhabited by the wealthy and privileged.
28th  April, 1711 Bahadur Shah was informed that the Sikhs were near Fatehbad, a mere 6 km from the Beas River. According to the newsletter dated 28th April 1711, Banda Singh promised and declared, "I do not oppress the Muslims." He allocated a daily allowance and wages for any Muslim who came to him and ensured their well-being. He allowed them to conduct Khutba (sermon) and namaz (prayer). As a result, around 5000 Muslims assembled under his protection, where they were free to practice their faith openly, including reciting the call to prayer and performing namaz. On 28th April 1711, it was reported to Bahadur Shah that Banda Singh Bahadar was camped at Kalanaur in the Bari Doab.
9th  May, 1711 It was reported that General Banda Singh Bahadar established his presence in Kalanaur, where both Hindus and Muslims joined his army. Meanwhile, the emperor crossed the Satluj River and advanced towards Kalanaur. Mohammad Amin Khan and raja Mohkam Chand were appointed to lead the campaign against the Sikhs.
9th  May, 1711 General Banda Singh Bahadar was in Lakhi Jungle, preparing for an assault on Delhi and Ajmer.
19th May, 1711 Bahadur Shah ordered ten guns, 300 arrows, 50 mounds (about 1800 kg) of gunpowder, seven rifles, and two thousand soldiers to Mohammed Amin Khan.
20th May, 1711 General Banda Singh Bahadar arrived in Batala.
May, 1711 The Pasrur battle unfolded between the Sikhs and the Mughals.
28th May, 1711 A confrontation took place between Mughal General Hameed Khan and General Banda Singh Bahadar at Kalanaur, resulting in a significant loss of life among the Mughal forces.
30th May, 1711 The hill chief of Kumaon, Jagat Chand, orchestrated the killing of 25 Sikhs in exchange for a significant reward from the emperor .
10th  June, 1711 The emperor received intelligence regarding the large gathering of Sikhs in the Lohgarh region. Near Hoshiarpur, the emperor received news that the Sikh forces, led by Banda Singh, had defeated and killed Shams Khan, the faujdar of Jalandhar, in a battle in the Bari Doab. The Khalsa set up their establishments in the parganas of Batala and Kalanaur and crossed the River Ravi to raid places such as Aurangabad and Pasrur.
13th  June, 1711 Bahadur Shah ordered the recruitment of two thousand infantry members with a salary of four rupees per month and another two thousand horsemen with twenty-five rupees per month. A letter written by General Banda Singh Bahadar, addressed to Rajput Sardars, was confiscated. It is rumoured that Banda Singh Bahadar journeyed through Lakhi Jungle to reach Ajmer.
15th  June 1711 The emperor was reported to have heard that Muhammad Amin Khan and Rustam Ali Khan were engaged in battle with the Sikhs at Pasrur.
16th  June, 1711 The emperor received intelligence that a group of Sikh soldiers was travelling through the hill route from Lahore suba to Sadhaura. Furthermore, they learned that Banda Singh Bahadar was also making his way across the hills to reach Lohgarh. To counter these activities, the emperor ordered the elder Shahzadn Jahandar Khan and Isa Khan, the naib faujdar of Bist Doab, Jalandhar, to mobilise their forces and intercept the Sikh troops in the hills.
22nd  June, 1711 The Mughal emperor became progressively agitated with the Rajput kings for their procrastination in rallying to combat General Banda, Singh Bahadar. As time elapsed, the emperor's authority waned.
June, 1711 A battle occurred between Muhammad Amin Khan's soldiers and Banda Bahadur's Sikh forces at Pasrur. Both sides suffered casualties, leading to the Sikhs retreating to Jammu. Despite efforts by Muhammad Amin Khan, Isa Khan, and the rulers of Jammu and Rajouri to capture Banda, they were unsuccessful.
7th  July, 1711 The emperor noted that the Mughal army general was unsuccessful in capturing Banda Singh Bahadar in both encounters. The Mughal Amirs were hesitant to confront the Sikhs. In response, the Mughals devised a strategy to engage the Sikhs on two fronts - one towards the eastern part of Beas and the other towards the foothills of Shivalik. The emperor ordered the Rajput kings to position themselves along the River Beas and maintain their presence there.
11th  July, 1711 Ghazi Khan informed the emperor that he was on the verge of encircling Banda Singh Bahadar with his army of 2000 soldiers. However, Ghazi Khan indicated that additional troops were required to capture and eliminate Banda Singh successfully. Bhikhari Das wrote that Banda Singh Bahadar had defeated the Mughal army and then sought refuge in the hill area.
19th  July, 1711 The emperor reaches Kahnuwan. 
28th  July, 1711 Kunwar Singh Gujar,  allegedly pillaged the khalisa and jagir villages in the sarkar Saharanpur.
30th  July, 1711 The Rajput chieftains were directed to bypass the Mughal court and head directly to Sadhaura.
August, 1711 The emperor intends to remain in Lahore for a few months while General Banda Singh leads his forces towards Sadhaura and Lohgarh.
16th  August, 1711 The emperor was alerted to a crucial update that Banda Singh and his troops were near the Beas River and possibly planning to cross into the Majha zone. Recognising the imminent threat, Bahadur Shah promptly instructed Mohammed Amin Khan, stationed in Kalanaur, to launch a pre-emptive attack on the Sikh contingent.
22nd  August, 1711 Bahadur Shah ordered the imprisonment of Ghazi Khan, who previously served as the faujdar of Sirhind, due to his unsuccessful attempt against Banda Singh. Bahadur Shah also declared that anyone who supported Khan's pardon would face detention as well. Additionally, Bahadur Shah imposed several other unusual measures and issued unconventional instructions during this period.
23rd  August, 1711 The emperor sent an early payment of two hundred thousand rupees to Mohammed Amin Khan for his campaign against Banda Singh Bahadar and other Sikh Generals.
24th  August, 1711 Rustam Dil Khan was arrested transported to the Lahore fort on the order of emperor and confined in isolation without any visitors permitted. His residence and possessions were seized, and his land grant was reclaimed as khalisa due to his failure in apprehending Banda Singh Bahadar.
27th  August, 1711 The Mughal emperor, Bahadur Shah, was informed that Banda Singh had traversed the Ravi and Beas Rivers.
29th  August, 1711 The faujdars positioned near Delhi engaged in illicit practices by levying toll fees on foodgrain and oil merchants utilising the roads (rahdari), leading to a surge in the prices of essential commodities.
30th  August, 1711 Raja Jai Singh's advisor suggested that he seek counsel from raja Ajit Singh before aligning with the Mughal army. Subsequently, the Mughal emperor, Bahadur Shah, ordered Jai Singh to confront General Banda Singh Bahadar in combat.
31st   August, 1711 Rustam Dil Khan had abandoned the campaign against Banda without the emperor's authorisation and had travelled to Lahore, which is why his property was confiscated and he was permanently imprisoned.
6th  September 1711 Banda Singh Bahadar was reported to have crossed the River Beas and entered the territory of the Hill chief of Guler.
13th  September, 1711 Numerous obligations were left unfulfilled due to financial constraints. One such instance involved Ghazi-ud-Din Khan, the governor of Gujarat. Over two months ago, the emperor authorised him to mobilise a temporary force of 4,000 soldiers to collect revenue from local zamindars. However, he did not receive payment for their services, potentially causing significant financial hardship for Khan. In another case, Imad-ud-Din Khan faced challenges receiving a pre-approved loan of Rs 10,000.
14th  September, 1711 Bahadur Shah was informed that Banda Singh and his contingent of 4,000 Sikh warriors had effectively crossed the Sutlej River on 7th September, 1711.
15th  September 1711 Banda Singh Bahadar, accompanied by 5,000 horses and foot soldiers, was moving around in Kiratpur (Kahlur).
21st  September, 1711 Mahabat Khan led his army into Lahore, sealing off all access points and preventing ulema from entering the Jama Masjid as part of his forceful tactics. Despite securing the reading of the Khutba in the emperor's name, there were allegations that it was recited in the same manner as in previous times.
27th  October 1711 The forts of Taragarh, Kangra, and Attock were notably understaffed, with less than half of the usual armed retainers present. Furthermore, the fort managers were accused of mismanagement and misappropriation of the limited provisions. These circumstances enabled the Sikh army to seize complete control over the region, effectively encompassing these forts.
28th  October, 1711 The emperor issued a proclamation stating that anyone discovered divulging information about the imperial camp to outsiders would face immediate execution. Moreover, Hindu mendicants were prohibited from entering the camp.
29th  October, 1711 In October 1711, a decree was once again enacted mandating that all Hindu soldiers in the royal army undergo complete head-to-toe shaving to prevent them from growing their hair long. This directive was implemented across all provinces to ensure compliance among non-Muslim troops.
October-November, 1711 For two months, the Rajasthani Rajas abstained from approaching Sadhaura out of fear and instead requested additional Jagirs from the king.
12th November, 1711 Zain-ud-Din Ahmad Khan, the recently appointed faujdar of Sirhind, along with his elite force of one thousand well-trained soldiers, united with Mohammed Amin Khan to embark on the campaign against the Sikhs.
20th  November, 1711 Under the rule of Bahadur Shah, Bakht Mai, an associate and diwan in the jurisdiction of Muhammad Yar Khan, was apprehended, detained, and later transferred to Ihtimam Khan following allegations of his purported sympathy and backing for the Sikhs.
30th  November,1711 Banda Singh Bahadar wrote a letter to raja Ajit Singh of Jodhpur and raja Jai Singh of Amer, inviting them to his territory, but they responded negatively.
7th  December, 1711 Despite Mahabat Khan's request that the Rajas remain in Sadhaura for an extended period to capture General Banda Singh Bahadar, they chose to retreat.
11th  December, 1711 The emperor ordered the forty Sikhs to embrace Islam and, in case of refusal, be buried alive. Despite the threat, the forty Sikhs steadfastly stood by their faith and chose to be buried alive in the village of Alowal near the emperor's camp.
28th  December, 1711 Guru-ka-Chak was handed over to Ajit Singh Palit with a substantial amount of money by the emperor. The Mughals utilised this traitor as an instrument against General Banda Singh Bahadar, deceiving the Sikhs under his command.
December, 1711 Without Banda Singh leading them, the Sikh army moved into the Bilaspur State territory. Mohammed Amin Khan rallied troops to face the Sikhs and established camps along the Riverbank near Sutlej the next day. The Sikhs had erected multiple Khalsa forts across the region, which operated in synchronisation with one another.
28th  December, 1711 Banda Singh Bahadar attacked Mughal forces near Rangarh fort (Kirtapur) where a battle involving arrows and guns took place.
January, 1712 Ajay Singh, the son of General Banda Singh Bahadar, was born in Lohgarh.
15th  January, 1712 General Banda Singh Bahadar was present in Bilaspur when a minor skirmish occurred between the Mughals and the Sikhs. Despite emperor Bahadur Shah's numerous attempts, his tactics proved ineffective in suppressing the growing power of the Sikhs, even after expending significant resources. The emperor faced a critical dilemma as the survival of his empire was at stake. In a fit of frustration, he referred to the Sikhs as dogs and donkeys, commanding that all such animals in Lahore be exterminated. Unfortunately, the Mughal officers did not comprehend the metaphor, resulting in the unintended killing of all the dogs and donkeys in Lahore.
22nd  January, 1712 After leaving Kiratpur, Banda Singh Bahadar visited the territory of the raja of Kahlur, who was one of his allies. With the assistance of the raja of Kahlur, Banda Singh Bahadar moved near Behslan to establish a Thana.
23rd  January, 1712 Firoz Khan, the faujdar of the Jammu province, was dispatched by Bahadur Shah to engage with the Sikhs.
11th  February, 1712 Banda Singh Bahadar was reported to have been stationed at Jhajjar near Kahlur.
12th  February, 1712 Out of intense fear and frustration towards the Sikh uprising, Bahadur Shah disparagingly labelled them as "dogs." In another hastily made decision, the Mughal emperor issued a decree to eliminate all the dogs in the city. Regrettably, Mughal soldiers misunderstood the order, leading to the unintended mass killing of hundreds of innocent dogs daily instead of Sikhs. Emperor Bahadur Shah dies under depression and mysterious conditions.
28th  February, 1712 After his demise in Lahore, Bahadur Shah's dead body was transported to Delhi 67 days later and laid to rest near the magnificent Qutub Minar.
3rd  March, 1712 A brutal conflict occurred on the banks of the Ravi River between the forces of Jahandar Shah and Azim-ush-an.
20th  March, 1712 Jahandar Shah commanded the execution of Mohammed Rustam Khan, also known as Ghaznafar Khan or Ghazi Khan, the former faujdar of Sirhind, along with Mukhlis Khan. Both individuals were linked to Prince Khuzishta Akhtar.
March- April,1712 There was internal conflict among Mughal princes vying to ascend to the throne as the next emperor.
23rd  April, 1712 Mohammad Amir Khan was appointed to win over the Sikhs in Lohgarh.
5th  May, 1712 General Banda Singh Bahadar resided in Lohgarh fort while the Sikhs had set up Military posts in suba Lahore and Delhi . Mohammad Amin Khan did not have the courage to launch an attack on Lohgarh.
20th  May, 1712 Emperor Jahandar Singh departed from Lahore to return to Delhi, as the uprising of Sikh forces from Lohgarh to Lahore had become unmanageable for the Mughals.
June , 1712 Upon his arrival in Delhi, Jahandar Shah, the Mughal emperor, entered the Red fort. The subsequent day, he was informed that Banda Singh had set up a military post in Sirhind.
10th June,1712 Banda Singh Bahadar established his thana in the vicinity of Chhat Ambala. 
12th August, 1712 Battle of Bareilly between the Sikhs and Mughals forces. Garhwal hill chief supported the Mughal army.
June to September, 1712 The conflict between the Mughals and Sikhs continued for four months in suba Delhi and Lahore.
August 1712 Banda Singh Bahadar was stationed in Lohgarh, and upon learning this, Mohammed Amin Khan initiated his march towards Lohgarh/Sadhaura.
September, 1712 In late September 1712, a contingent of Sikhs left Sadhaura and ventured into the domain of the Nahan State. The hill troops relayed intelligence regarding the Sikh presence to General Firoz Jang Khan, who launched a sudden assault on them.
2nd October, 1712 The Sikhs engaged in a skirmish with Bhup Prakash's followers in the Sirmaur hills. Subsequently, the chief alerted the Mughal general about the Sikhs' location and aided in their pursuit in the Kulu hills. Additionally, he sought Mughal aid to protect the Kulu chief from potential Sikh assaults.
October ,1712 The Sikhs launched an assault on Mughal forces Chhat, located near Banur, and inflicted substantial damage on government officials and Mughal forces .
15th  October, 1712 The Sikhs had recaptured the town of Chhat pargana, causing the naib faujdar of Sirhind stationed there to flee without putting up a fight. The Sikhs not only recaptured the Sirhind region but also set up posts at various locations. The Sikhs killed qazi of Sirhind. The Muslim madad-i-ma'ash holders therefore lent support to the imperialists in their bid to suppress the Sikhs.
20th  October , 1712 Farrukhsiyar declared himself the new emperor, causing alarm to Jahandar Shah, who swiftly moved to quell the uprising.
October ,1712 Akhbarat-i-Darbar-i-Mu'alla, which reveals that by October 1712, the Sikh army, under the leadership of Banda Singh Bahadar, had successfully established their authority over a region extending from Jalandhar to Bareilly.
November, 1712 There was a battle between the Mughals and Sikhs near the banks of the stream of Barsana.
December 1712 Farrukhsiyar Shah assassinated emperor Jahandar Shah to secure his position as the successor to the throne.
31st   December, 1712 Banda Singh Bahadar had established settlements along with his Sikh followers in many locations in Sirhind and Sadhaura.
January-February., 1713 For a period of two months, Farukkhsiyar focused on consolidating his authority while the Sikh rebellion grew increasingly uncontrollable.
14th  February,1713 Abdus Samad Khan was appointed as the Subedar of Lahore and was instructed by the Mughal emperor to capture Banda Singh Bahadar.
March, 1713 Hill Chief Bhup Prakash of Nahan was released under the condition that he would provide support to the Mughals.
10th  March, 1713 The Sikh forces initiated a significant invasion of Bhup Prakash's domain, causing the chief to flee. Driven to desperation by the Mughal administration's actions, the Sikhs were determined to strengthen their control over the area. Farrukh Siyar was informed that the Sikhs had incited riots at Lohgarh, engaged in pillaging and capturing, and had devastated the imperial territory as well as some parganas of Sirhind. As a result, the local residents were fleeing the area.
16th  March, 1713 The Sikh forces had established control over the hills of Garhwal, Sirmaur, Kahlur, Mandi, Kullu, Chamba, Kangra, Guler, Nurpur, Jammu, and other surrounding regions.
21st  March, 1713 Abdus Samad Khan directed him to collaborate with Zain-ud-Din Khan, the faujdar of Sirhind, and launch a joint attack on Banda Singh Bahadar .
April, 1713  Mohammad Amin Khan and Abdus-Samad Khan assumed control of the situation near Lohgarh zone , prompting General Banda Singh Bahadar to have a fierce battle. April 1713, seventy thousand Mughal soldiers arrived near Sadhaura.
22nd June, 1713 Abdus Samad Khan, Zain-Ud-Din Ahmed Khan, and General Inam Khan led a massive attack on the Lohgarh zone.
27th June, 1713 Abdus Samad Khan, along with Zainuddin Ahmad Khan, laid siege to the fortress at Sadhaura.
5th July, 1713 To breach the fortified advance Khalsa forts in Lohgarh zone , the Mughal army arrived equipped with 700 wooden ladders.
31th July, 1713 While the Mughal soldiers were sheltering in their tents, a brave contingent of Sikh warriors departed from the Sadhaura fort to seize some of the Mughal cannons.
August, 1713 Under the command of Abdus-Samad Khan, a significant contingent of the Mughal army, they arrived in the vicinity of Lohgarh. Numbering over one lakh soldiers, they engaged in a three-month battle against the Sikhs. Despite their efforts, the Mughals were unable to achieve any success.
2nd August, 1713 There were clashes between the Sikhs and the Mughals in Kashmir.
6th  August, 1713 The Sikhs are in a fierce battle against the Mughals, who have implemented a robust strategic plan. However, due to the formidable fortifications, the Mughal soldiers cannot infiltrate the Lohgarh fort.
27-29th  August,1713 Abdus Samad displayed cowardice, and the lack of unity among the amirs further weakened their efforts. The Mughal army attempted to advance towards Lohgarh but faced significant casualties.
October ,1713 The Mughal forces near Lohgarh found it challenging to resist the self-sacrificing Sikh warriors who broke through their ranks and escaped relatively unscathed. The hired troops were ineffective against the determined Khalsa fighters.
13th  November, 1713 The Mughal armies initiated a relentless artillery barrage on Lohgarh Fort, utilising guns and cannons, which continued for four consecutive days. The bombardment focused on all the hills surrounding the fort.
December, 1713 Implementing a strategic manoeuvre, General Banda Singh Bahadar departed from the Lohgarh fort and went through the forest and hill routes to reach Doab Jalandhar. The Mughals remained oblivious to Banda Bahadur's whereabouts and had no knowledge of his movements.
13th December, 1713 Zakariya Khan submitted his father's report and the corpses of Sikh leaders to the Mughal authorities. Consequently, he was rewarded with a higher rank of three thousand Zat and a thousand horse riders.
February,1714 Abdus-Samad Khan arrived in Lahore to track down Banda Singh Bahadar.
8th February, 1714 The merchandise of Banjara Sikhs valued at Rs. 11,000 was being transported from Lahore to Delhi when it was allegedly looted by the Mughals of the Jalandhar Doab. A shipment of woollen clothing valued at Rs. 17,000 that was sent from Kashmir to Lahore was said to have been robbed in the faujdar of Sialkot.
23rd February, 1714 It was reported that the Sikhs had travelled from Sirhind towards Suket and Mandi.
28th February, 1714 Based on the information gathered from the accounts of Batala and Kalanaur, it appeared that the Sikhs could conquer Lahore at any time.
1st March, 1714 As per the Akhbarat-i-Darbar-i-Mu’alla, the emperor was informed that Sikh troops had captured Sarhind region. In response, Zain-ud-Din Khan, the faujdar of Sirhind, had sent his forces to face them. Following a skirmish, the Mughal soldiers withdrew from the area.
3rd March, 1714 Isa Khan Manjh appeared before the emperor, and as a token of appreciation for his endeavours and actions against the Sikhs, the emperor bestowed upon him the permanent position of faujdar (chief of law and order) and the jagir (estate) of the Lakhi Jungle area, encompassing a significant portion of present-day Malwa in Punjab. He also elevated his military rank by adding nineteen hundred soldiers to his command.
11th March, 1714 The emperor received a correspondence from Ifsandyar of Jammu detailing that the account keeper of the ruler of Chamba and the representatives of the hill chief of Nurpur had informed the naib faujdar Abdul Azim that Banda Singh was residing in a village named Vaan and intended to journey to Batala through Bahilwal.
March, 1714 Banda Singh Bahadar and the Sikh forces were active at Sirhind. The Khalsa of pargana Kahnuwan, led by Jagat Singh, launched an attack on the Afghans of Kiri Pathan, and they captured their fortress.
April, 1714 Sikh forces, led by Banda Singh Bahadar, were stationed in Pinjore. Banda Singh Bahadar and the Sikh forces were also active at Ropar.
17th April,1714 A fierce battle broke out between Banda Singh Bahadar's forces and the Mughal army commanded by Bakhsi Sharafud Din near Batala. The conflict resulted in a significant number of casualties, including both men and horses, on both sides.
30th April,1714 There is another report of a battle fought near Ropar. The Sikhs numbered 5,000, while the Mughal army consisted of 2,000 cavalry and foot soldiers.
May, 1714 Another battle took place between the Sikhs and the Mughal army at Lohgarh. Banda Singh Bahadar and the Sikh forces were also active at Manakpur.
29th May, 1714   The emperor was informed that on that day, a contingent of five thousand Sikh cavalry and seven thousand Sikh infantries descended from the Shivalik hills and had assembled in Bawasa village.
12th June, 1714 A significant contingent of Sikh soldiers had captured upon the villages of Doraha pargana.
July, 1714 Banda Singh Bahadar and the Sikh forces were active in Makhowal, Sunam, and Pinjore.
9th July 1714 It was reported that Baj Singh, with a sizable Sikh army, was stationed at Makhowal and was being assisted by the hill ruler of Kahlur.
7th August, 1714 Banda Singh was located in the hills of the Garhwal region, and there was a collaboration between the ruler of Garhwal and Banda Singh.
August10, 1714 It had been consistently highlighted to the emperor that many hill chiefs supported Banda Singh and provided him with extensive assistance. In this regard, there were frequent references to the cooperation of the hill Chiefs of Kahlur and Srinagar-Garhwal.
16th August, 1714 A force of seven thousand Sikhs launched an assault on Ropar. Khwaja Mukarram, the deputy of Zain-ud-Din Ahmed Khan, put up a strong resistance against the Sikhs, forcing them to retreat towards the high hills.
August, 1714 A group of Khalsa warriors, numbering around 5000, launched an attack on Bareilly.
23rd August, 1714 Battle between Mughals and Sikhs at Baqhoor.
September. 1714 General Banda Singh Bahadar made his return to the plains of Punjab.
December 1714 The rulers of the hilly provinces initially supported Banda Singh Bahadar, but the Mughals managed to sway their allegiance away from him. In December 1714, General Banda Bahadur arrived at Bhawana (Pinjore) and Lakhat village. He then proceeded to visit Tanda Dola near Jammu.
February, 1715 General Banda Singh Bahadar successfully recaptured Batala and Kalanaur.
February, 1715 General Banda Singh Bahadar was sighted in Suket and Mandi, where a battle occurred between him and the Mughal forces. 
20th February, 1715 General Banda Singh Bahadar launched an attack on Batala, resulting in the death of faujdar Sohaib Khan.
February, 1715 Banda Singh personally descended to the foothills and penetrated Punjab. He launched assaults on Mughal outposts and garrisons, seizing wealth, arms, and provisions. Upon receiving this information, the emperor dispatched mace-bearers (special envoys) to Abdus Samad Khan to address the situation.
March ,1715 The Sikh army advanced from Sirhind towards the hills toward Suket and Mandi. It consisted of seven thousand cavalry and eight thousand infantries. Additionally, it received backing from the ruler of Kahlur (Bilaspur) State.
10th March, 1715 The royal army received orders to mobilise in the Gurdaspur area, deploying one hundred mansabdars and an army of one lakh to capture Banda Singh Bahadar.
15th March, 1715 General Banda Singh Bahadar relocated from Kot Mirza Jaan to the fort of Gurdas Nangal.
April, 1715 The Mughals encircled the fort Gurdas Nangal.
17th April, 1715 Reports reached the court of emperor Farrukhsiyar in Delhi stating that Abd-us-Samad Khan had trailed the Sikhs to their fresh stronghold at Gurdas Nangal (now Gurdaspur) and that the Imperial Amirs were presently digging trenches and erecting mounds in preparation for a siege.
May,1715 The Mughal cannons were brought to siege the fort of Gurdas Nangal, but despite digging pits, flooding the area, and clearing forests, the Mughals did not dare to approach the fort.
June, 1715 The Mughal king ordered the Rajas of Kangra, Nupur, and other hill provinces to prevent the Banjaras from passing through their territories and halt the flow of food and civil supplies to the Sikhs. Abdus Samad Khan announced a reward of ten rupees, which equated to two and a half months' salary of a soldier, for anyone who brought forth the head of a Sikh.
13th July, 1715 The combined forces of the Sikh army and the hill chief of Garhwal attacked the Mughal army in Muradabad and Bareilly. The monsoon season temporarily paused the major actions of the Mughals, but they maintained their siege without lifting it. Valuables and merchandise of the Banjara Sikhs worth Rs 400,000 were reported among the goods plundered by the zamindar of pargana Rajpur in Moradabad in 1715.
16th August, 1715 The Mughal emperor bestowed royal robes upon Ajit Singh Palit to incite him to oppose the Sikhs.
September, 1715 The Mughals plundered the belongings of the Banjara Sikh, seizing valuables and four lakh rupees in cash in the Awadh region. 
29th September, 1715 The Mughal emperor dispatched a letter to the hill chief of Mandi, instructing him to cease aiding the Sikhs.
7th December, 1715 Upon noticing no movement in the Gurdas Nangal fort, the Mughal soldiers attempted to breach it and discovered that the Sikhs inside were hungry and weakened. General Banda Singh Bahadar and his Lieutenants were then captured.
December ,1715 Sushila Kaur and Banda Singh Bahadar were apprehended from fort Gurdas Nangal and confined in Delhi. 
27th February,1716 General Banda Singh Bahadar and 740 Sikhs were transported to Delhi and confined in the Salimgarh fort.
9th June, 1716 General Banda Singh Bahadar and his four-year-old son, Ajay Singh, were martyred.
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